J*V1 

THE LIBRARY OF I 
CONGRESS, I " 

Two Copies Received 

JUN 25 1 903 

ft Copyngru Entry 
CLASS 9- XXc No. 
COPY B- 



#TKE?*Gpi?HAJ^MANUFi5CjtrfiIN^ Co. 




Arranged and Printed at 
The Cheltenham Press 
New York 



THE CONTENTS 



Foreword 9 

Old Golf 11 

Official Rules of Golf 21 

Special Rules for Stroke Com- 
petitions. 71 

Rules for Three Ball Matches ... 83 
An Index to the Rules and Rul- 
ings 89 

Etiquette of Golf 105 

A Glossary of the Technical 

Terms of Golf 107 

American Champions since the 
Organization of the United 

States Golf Association 123 

Leading Players in the United 

States 131 

Golf Clubs and their Use 135 

Excerpts from the Constitution 
and By-Laws of the United 

States Golf Association 141 

Golfltems 145 



THE series of small fig- 
ure pictures in this book 
have been taken from the four 
golf drawings byjohn Hassall 
which appear complete on 
pages 2, 49, 88 and 122. 





FOREWORD 

TO the Golfer — a broad, 
generous term that 
includes the young and old 
alike — this little book is ad- 
dressed, with the hope that 
in it he may find some bits 
of suggestion which shall as- 
sist in helping him over any 
chance " hazard " he may 
come upon in the course of 
his travels over the green. A 
list of official and special 
rulings, the etiquette of golf, 
a list of technical terms — 
without which, surely, no 



IO THE GORHAM GOLF BOOK 

golf book would be complete 
—the leading clubs and play- 
ers in this country, and de- 
scriptions of the various golf 
sticks and their use — these 
are some of the things that 
may be found within these 
covers. This is prefaced by 
a few words about the origin 
of golf and the principal 
changes that it has under- 
gone, with such items of golf 
interest as may be worth 
recording. In short, it is the 
purpose of this little volume 
to be a compact and reliable 
companion of the Golfer. 



OLD GOLF 

GOLF, under some strange 
name and in almost unrec- 
ognizable forms, has probably 
interested our forebears from 
the earliest ages of civilization 
in much the same way that it 
does us today. How the game 
of golf as we know it, with all 
its rules and its arrayof technical 
terms and ingenious instruments, 
first came into existence is a mat- 
ter of conjecture only. Perhaps 
the game took form in Phoenicia, 
where the ball first came into use 
as a plaything. Perhaps it is the 



12 THE GORHAM GOLF BOOK 

predecessor of the Greek hand- 
ball, or perhaps it is an out- 
growth of this game. Perhaps 
it is of Dutch origin, as the 
name 4 ' golf," from the Dutch 
word "kolf," meaning club, 
might indicate. But be this as 
it may, certain it is that the old 
Romans had a form of amuse- 
ment called paganica," played 
with balls of leather stuffed 
with feathers, to which the golf 
ball long corresponded, and 
which was played in something 
the manner of the modern game. 
The direct precursor of golf of to- 
day came from Scotland, where 
for centuries the game has been 
played and developed until it is 
known as the Scotch " national 
game." From Scotland it spread, 
as early as the fourteenth and 
fifteenth centuries, to the Conti- 
nent, India, the Cape of Good 



OLD GOLF 



*3 



Hope, and later to America. In 
fact, so popular had the game 
become in this country that a 
law dated December 10, 1659, 
at Fort Orange, now Albany, 
N. Y., forbids the playing of 
golf in the streets. In England, 
as early as 1457, the records of 
Parliament show a law which 
forbade the game because the 
public interest in it tended to 
discourage the practice of arch- 
ery — then the most important 
of all English pastimes. Again 
in 1491 edicts were issued 
against this popular diversion, 
but to little purpose. So for 
nearly a century Parliament 
made laws to suppress the 
game, but to no avail. Golf 
had come to stay. 

Under Edward III the game 
was called ' 4 cambrica," mean- 
ing "a crooked* staff," with 



14 THE GORHAM GOLF BOOK 

which it was played. At that 
time the cambrica was little 
more than a stick with a crook 
at the end, not unlike a shep- 
herd's staff or a shinny stick. 
Another term for mediaeval 
golf was u bandy ball," from 
the word "bandy," which was 
applied to the club. Strutt. in 
his description of games, says 
that the bandy had a "handle 
of ash, four and one half feet 
in length. The curvature is 
affixed to the bottom, faced with 
bone and backed with lead. 
The ball is a little one, but ex- 
ceedingly hard, being made 
with leather stuffed with feath- 
ers." The development from 
this early club to the modern 
instrument with its hickory 
handle, leather thongs, and 
steel or wooden and brass head 
and to the gutta percha balls, 



OLD GOLF 



*5 



is not such a very long stride, 
after all. 

Another similar game was 
" stow ball — a species of golf." 
Dr. Johnson defines this as 44 a 
play where balls are driven 
from stool to stool." Stool, 
from the Saxon "stole," is 
equally applicable to the word 
44 stow," the stool being the goal 
or hole, and 44 stow "or 44 stow- 
ing " being the placing of the 
ball in the hole. The technical 
term of this in golf is 44 putting 
the ball," or in other words, 
striking it into the hole and 
44 stowing it away." 

44 Shinty " is another early 
name for the game. In fact, 
golf is so closely associated 
with ball games of so many 
kinds, including even cricket, 
croquet, and tennis, that it is 
often difficult to decide where 



16 THE GORHAM GOLF BOOK 

the one ends and the other 
begins. 

Previous to 1848 — how long 
previous it is impossible to say— 
the so-called "feathery" va- 
riety of golf balls exclusively 
held the day. Tedious and 
difficult to manufacture, it is 
small wonder that their prices 
soared until they seriously 
threatened to debar the game 
from the general public. To 
forestall this calamity a royal 
act forbade the price to exceed 
four shillings a ball — a much 
higher value than four shillings 
has today. Stretching the 
leather was in itself a fine art, 
and to this day the ancient 
worthies about St. Andrews 
links delight to tell 41 how many 
feathers as, lying loose, would 
fill a 1 lum ' hat, went into the 
making of a single ball." But 



OLD GOLF 



17 



in 1848 some bold reformer 
came forward with a ball of 
gutta percha. Then the trouble 
began. A war of extermination 
was promptly decreed against 
the 44 juice balls" or "gutties," 
but to no purpose. Allan 
Robertson, the famous cham- 
pion, and himself a maker of 
the " featheries," led the cam- 
paign. Literally with fire, if 
not with sword, he sought to 
lay the proud usurper low, and 
for a time he actually attempted 
to buy up and burn all the 
44 gutties " that came within his 
reach. 

Such was the timidity of the 
inventor of the 44 guttie," how- 
ever, that the new ball was 
made to resemble the old leather 
variety, and the surface was 
engraven with lines in imitation 
of the seams. But unlike its 



l8 THE GORHAM GOLF BOOK 

predecessor, the " guttie " im- 
proved with use, and seemed to 
fly better when hacked. This 
suggested hammering. Later 
this hammering was done with 
the sharp edge of the tool, leav- 
ing markings of irregularity. 
From this gradually evolved the 
idea of regular designs in crossed 
lines which grace our golf balls 
of today. At the present time 
balls of new compositions are on 
the market. So, too, golf sticks 
of strange designs, and of new 
materials — aluminum, brass, and 
hickory, ash, and other metals 
and woods, are placed at the dis- 
posal of the golfer. 




OFFICIAL 

RULES OF GOLF 

As Approved by the 
Royal and Ancient Golf Club of 
St. Andrew's in 1899, with 

INTERPRETATIONS OF 
THE RULES 
Reported by the Committee on Rules 
and adopted at the Annual Meet- 
ing of the United States Golf 
Association, February 1 7, 
1903 

THE United States Golf 
Association, in making 
these Rules and Interpreta- 
tions, has made no change in 
the wording, nor in the im- 



22 THE GORHAM GOLF E I OK 

port, of the Rules of Golf, as 
adopted by the Royal and 
Ancient Golf Club of' St. An- 
drews, but has only added 
such definitions and explana- 
tions as appeared to be called 
for, or suggested by custom 
and decisions of competent 
experts. 

DEFINITIONS 

i. (a) The Game of Golf is 
played by two sides, each side 
playing its own _ ball. A side 
consists either of one or two 
players. If one player plays 
against another, the match is 
called "a single." If two play 
against two, it is called "a four- 
some." One player may play 
against two, playing one ball 
between them, when the match 
is called a "threesome." Match- 
es constituted as above shall 
have precedence of and be en- 
titled to pass any other kind of 
match. 



OFFICIAL RULES OF GOLF 23 

Ruling of the United States 
Golf Association 

"Match Play" is decided by 
the number of holes won. 

"Medal Play" is decided by 
the aggregate number of 
strokes. 

"Col. Bogey" is an imagi- 
nary opponent, against whose 
arbitrary score each competi- 
tor plays by holes; otherwise 
Bogey competitions are gov- 
erned by the Special Rules for 
Stroke Competitions, except 
that a competitor loses the 
hole: 

When his ball is lost. 

When his ball is not played 
where it lies except as other- 
wise provided for in the 
Rules. 

(&) The game consists in each 
side playing a ball from a tee- 
ing-ground into a hole by suc- 
cessive strokes, and the hole is 
won by the side which holes its 
ball in fewer strokes than the 
opposite side, except as other- 
wise provided for in the Rules. 



24 THE GOEHAM GOLF BOOK 

If the sides hole out in the same 
number of strokes, the hole is 
halved. 

Ruling of the United States 
Golf Association 

In competitions : 

In Match Play, when two 
competitors have halved their 
match, they shall continue 
playing hole by hole till one 
or the other shall have won a 
hole, which shall determine 
the winner of the match. 

Should the match play com- 
petition be a handicap, the com- 
petitors must decide the tie 
by playing either one hole or 
more, according to the manner 
in which the handicap ceded 
falls upon certain holes so as 
to make the extra holes a 
fairly proportionate represen- 
tation of the round. 

In Medal Play, when two or 
mpre competitors are tied, the 
winner shall be determined by 
another round of the course; 
except that By-laws 14 and 18 
of the United States Golf As- 
sociation provide that, in case 



OFFICIAL RULES OF GOLF 25 

of ties for the sixty-fourth 
place in the Amateur Cham- 
pionship medal rounds, or the 
thirty-second place in the 
Woman's Championship medal 
rounds, respectively, the con- 
testants so tied shall continue 
to play until one shall have 
gained a lead by strokes, the 
hole or holes to be played out. 

(c) The teeing-ground is the 
starting point for a hole, and 
shall be indicated by two marks 
placed in a line as nearly as 
possible at right angles to the 
course. 

The hole shall be four and 
one-quarter inches in diameter, 
and at least four inches deep. 

(d) The "putting-green" is 
all ground within twenty yards 
of the hole, except hazards. 

(e) A "hazard" is any bunk- 
er, water (except casual water), 
sand, path, road, railway, whin, 
bush, rushes, rabbit scrape, 
fence, or ditch. Sand blown on 
to the grass, or sprinkled on the 
course for its preservation, bare 
patches, sheep track, snow, and 



26 THE GORHAM GOLF BOOK 

ice are not hazards. Permanent 
grass within a hazard is not a 
part of the hazard. 

(f) "Through the green" 
is any part of the course except 
"hazards" and the putting-green 
which is being played to. 

(g) "Out of bounds" is any 
place outside the denned or rec- 
ognized boundaries of the course. 

(h) "Casual water" is any 
temporary accumulation of water 
(whether caused by rainfall or 
otherwise) which is not one of 
the ordinary and recognized 
hazards of the course. 

(*) A ball is "in play" as 
soon as the player has made 
a stroke at the teeing-ground in 
each hole, and shall remain in 
play until holed out, except when 
lifted in accordance with the Rules. 

(/) A ball has "moved" only 
if it leave its original position in 
the least degree, and stop in an- 
other; but if it merely oscillate, 
without finally leaving its orig- 
inal position, it has not "moved." 

(k) A ball is "lost" if it be 
not found within five minutes 
after the search for it is begun. 



OFFICIAL RULES OF GOLF 27 

(/) A "match'* consists of 
one round of the links, unless it 
be otherwise agreed. 

A match is won by the side 
which is leading by a number of 
holes greater than the number of 
holes remaining to be played. If 
each side win the same number 
of holes, the match is halved. 

(m) A "stroke" is any move- 
ment of the ball caused by 
the player, except as provided 
for in Rule 3, or any downward 
movement of the club made with 
the intention of striking the ball. 

O) A "penalty stroke" is a 
stroke added to the score of a 
side under certain rules, and 
does not affect the rotation of 
play. 

(0) The "honour" is the priv- 
ilege of playing first from a tee- 
ing-ground. 

(p) A player has addressed the 
ball when he has taken up his 
position and grounded his club, 
or if in a hazard, when he has 
taken up his position prepara- 
tory to striking the ball. 

(q) The reckoning of strokes 
is kept by the terms — "the 



28 THE GORHAM GOLF BOOK 

odd," "two more," "three more," 
etc., and "one off three," 
"one off two," "the like." The 
reckoning of holes is kept by the 
terms — so many "holes up," or 
"all even," and so many "to 
play." 

2. A match begins by each 
side playing a ball from the first 
teeing-ground. 

The player who shall play first 
on each side shall be named by 
his own side. 

The option of taking the 
honour at the first teeing-ground 
shall be decided, if necessary, by 
lot. 

A ball played from in front 
of or more than two club 
lengths behind the marks indi- 
cating the teeing-ground, or 
played by a player when his op- 
ponent should have had the 
honour, may be at once recalled 
by the opposite side, and may be 
re-teed without penalty. 

The side which wins a hole 
shall have the honour at the 
next teeing-ground. If a hole 
has been halved the side which 
had the honour at the previous 



OFFICIAL RULES OF GOLF 31 

teeing-ground shall retain the 
honour. 

On beginning a new match the 
winner of the long match in the 
previous round shall have the 
honour, or if the previous match 
was halved the side which last 
won a hole shall have the honour. 

Ruling of the United States 
Golf Association 

Penalty for playing a ball 
outside of the limits of the 
teeing-ground: 

In Match Play, the ball may 
be at once recalled by the op- 
ponent, no stroke being count- 
ed for the misplay. 

In Medal Play, disqualifica- 
tion. 

Penalty for leading off the 
tee out of turn: 

In Match Play, the ball may 
be at once recalled by the op- 
ponent, no stroke being count- 
ed for the misplay. 

In Medal Play, no penalty — 
but it is customary in Medal 
Play to observe the honour. 

3. If the ball fall or be 



32 THE GOKHAM GOLF BOOK 

knocked off the tee in address- 
ing it, no penalty shall be in- 
curred, and it may be replaced, 
and if struck when moving no 
penalty shall be incurred. 

4. In a threesome or foursome 
the partners shall strike off 
alternately from the teeing- 
groiinds, and shall strike alter- 
nately during the play of the 
hole. 

If a player play when his part- 
ner should have done so, his side 
shall lose the hole. 

Ruling- of the United States 
Golf Association 

Penalty : 

In Match Play, loss of the 
hole. 

In Medal Play, two strokes. 

5. When the balls are in play, 
the ball further from the hole 
which the players are approach- 
ing shall be played first, except 
as otherwise provided for in the 
Rules. If a player play when 
his opponent should have done 
so, the opponent may at once 
recall the stroke. A ball so re- 



OFFICIAL RULES OF GOLF 33 

called shall be dropped in the 
manner prescribed in Rule 4, as 
near as possible to the place 
where it lay, without penalty. 

Ruling of the United States 
Golf Association 

"Otherwise provided for" in 
Medal Rule 1 1 : 

In Match Play, ball may be 
at once recalled by the op- 
ponent, no stroke being count- 
ed for the misplay. 

In Medal Play, no penalty — 
the ball may not be recalled. 

6. The ball must be fairly 
struck at, not pushed, scraped, 
nor spooned, under penalty of 
the loss of the hole. 

Ruling of the United States 
Golf Association 

Penalty: 

In Match Play, loss of the 
hole. 

In Medal Play, two strokes. 

7. A ball must be played 
wherever it lies or the hole be 



34 THE GORHAM GOLF EOOK 

given up, except as otherwise 
provided for in the Rules. 

Ruling of the United States 
Golf Association 

"Otherwise provided for" in 
Rules 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 2i, 
22, 27, 30, 34. 

Penalty : 

In Match Play, loss of the 
hole. 

In Medal Play, two strokes, 
except as otherwise provided 
for in Medal Rules 6, 8, 9, 
10, 11. 

8. Unless with the opponent's 
consent, a ball in play shall not 
be moved, nor touched before 
the hole is played out, under 
penaltv of one stroke, except as 
otherwise provided for in the 
Rules. But the player may 
touch his ball with his club in 
the act of addressing it, pro- 
vided he does not move it, with- 
out penalty. 

If the player's ball move the 
opponent's ball through the 
green, the opponent, if he choose, 
may drop a ball (without pen- 



OFFICIAL RULES OF GOLF 35 

alty) as near as possible to the 
place where it lay, but this must 
be done before another stroke is 
played. 

Ruling of the United States 
Golf Association 

"Otherwise provided for" in 
Rules 10, 12, 14, 16, 21, 22, 
z?> 30, 34, and Medal Rules 
6, 8, 9, 10, 11. 

Penalty : 

In Match Play, for moving 
or touching, one stroke. 

In Medal Play, one stroke. 

If a competitor's ball be dis- 
placed by another competitor's 
ball it must be replaced, or its 
owner shall be disqualified. 

9. In playing through the 
green, any loose impediment (not 
being in or touching a hazard) 
which is within a club length of 
the ball may be removed. If the 
player's ball move after such 
loose impediment has been 
touched by the player, his part- 
ner, or either of their caddies, 
the penalty shall be one stroke. 
If any loose impediment (not be- 



36 THE GORHAM GOLF BOOK 

ing on the putting-green ) which 
is more than a club length from 
the ball be removed, the penalty 
shall be the loss of the hole. 

Ruling of the United States 
Golf Association 

Penalty for ball moved (not 
in hazard) after removing 
loose impediment within club 
length of the ball: 

In Match Play, one stroke. 

In Medal Play, one stroke. 

Through the green, for re- 
moving loose impediment more 
than a club length from the 
ball: 

In Match Play, loss of the 
hole. 

In Medal Play, two strokes. 

10. Any vessel, wheelbarrow, 
tool, roller, grass-cutter, box, 
or similar obstruction may be 
removed. If a ball be moved in 
so doing, it may be replaced 
without penalty. A ball lying 
on or touching such obstruction, 
or on clothes, nets, or ground 
under repair or covered up or 
opened for the purpose of the 



OFFICIAL RULES OF GOLF 37 

upkeep of the links, may be lifted 
and dropped without penalty, as 
near as possible to the place 
where it lay, but not nearer the 
hole. A ball lifted in a hazard, 
under such circumstances, shall 
be dropped in the hazard. 

A ball lying in a golf hole or 
flag hole, or in a hole made by 
the greenkeeper, may be lifted 
and dropped without penalty as 
near as possible to the place 
where it lay, but not nearer the 
hole. 

Ruling of the United States 
Golf Association 

"As near as possible" shall 
mean within a club length. 

If a ball lie on or within a 
club length of a drain-cover, 
water-pipe, or hydrant, it may 
be lifted and dropped without 
penalty as near as possible to 
the place where it lay, but not 
nearer the hole. 

n. Before striking at a ball, 
the player shall not move, 
bend, nor break anything fixed 
or growing near the ball, except 



38 THE GORHAM GOLF BOOK 

in the act of placing his feet on 
the ground for the purpose of 
addressing the ball, in soling his 
club to address the ball, and in 
his upward and downward swing, 
under penalty of the loss of the 
hole, except as otherwise pro- 
vided for in the Rules. 

Ruling of the United States 
Golf Association 

"Near the ball" is within a 
club's length. 

"Otherwise provided for" in 
Rules 12, 13, 31. 

Penalty : 

In Match Play, loss of the 
hole. 

In Medal Play, two strokes. 

12. When a ball lies in or 
touches a hazard, nothing shall 
be done to improve its lie; the 
club shall not touch the ground, 
nor shall anything be touched or 
moved before the player strikes 
at the ball, subject to the follow- 
ing exceptions: — (1) The player 
may place his feet firmly on the 
ground for the purpose of ad- 
dressing the ball; (2) In ad- 



OFFICIAL RULES OF GOLF 41 

dressing the ball, or in the up- 
ward or downward swing, any 
grass, bent, whin, or other grow- 
ing substance, or the side of a 
bunker, wall, paling, or other 
immovable obstacle may be 
touched; (3) Steps or planks 
placed in a hazard by the Green 
Committee for access to or egress 
from such hazard may be re- 
moved, and if a ball be moved in 
so doing, it may be replaced 
without penalty; (4) Any loose 
impediments may be removed 
from the putting-green; (5) The 
player shall be entitled to find 
his ball as provided by Rule 
31. The penalty for a breach 
of this Rule shall be the loss of 
the hole. 

Ruling of the United States 
Golf Association 

Penalty : 

In Match Play, loss of the 
hole. 

In Medal Play, two strokes. 

13. A player or caddie shall 
not press down nor remove any 



42 THE GORHAM GOLF BOOK 

irregularities of surface near a 
ball in play. Dung, worm-casts, 
or mole-hills may be removed 
(but not pressed down) without 
penalty. The penalty for a 
breach of this Rule shall be the 
loss of the hole. 

Ruling of the United States 
Golf Association 

Penalty : 

In Match Play, loss of the 
hole. 

In Medal Play, two strokes. 

Pressing down the surface 
behind the ball by prolonged 
or forcible grounding of the 
club shall be deemed a breach 
of this rule. 

14. If a ball lie or be lost in 
water, the player may drop a 
ball, under penalty of one stroke. 
But if a ball shall lie or be lost 

(1) in casual water through the 
green, a ball may be dropped 
without penalty, either directly 
behind or at the side of the cas- 
ual water nearest to which it 
lies, but not nearer the hole; 

(2) in water in a hazard, or in 



OFFICIAL RULES OF GOLF 43 

casual water in a hazard, a ball 
may be dropped in or behind the 
hazard, under penalty of one 
stroke; (3) in casual water on 
a putting-green, a ball may be 
placed by hand behind the water, 
without penalty. 

Ruling of the United States 
Golf Association 

Penalty for lifting a ball in 
water : 

In Match Play, one stroke. 
If, however, the ball be not 
dropped in accordance with 
Rule 15, the player shall lose 
the hole. 

In Medal Play, one stroke. 
If, however, the ball be not 
dropped in accordance with 
Rule 15, the player must 
again drop the ball, under a 
penalty of two strokes — three 
in all. 

No penalty for lifting a 
ball in casual water. The 
ball, however, must be dropped 
directly behind the casual 
water, as near as possible in 
line with the point it entered. 
If it be impossible to drop di- 



44 THE GORHAM GOLF BOOK 

rectly behind, the ball may be 
dropped at the side, as pro- 
vided for. 

Penalty for breach of this 
Rule: 

In Match Play, one stroke. 

In Medal Play, one stroke. 

A ball lifted from a recog- 
nized water hazard may be 
dropped under a penalty of 
one stroke even if the hazard 
be dry at the time. 

If the water in a recognized 
water hazard overflow its usual 
boundaries the overflowed por- 
tion of the course shall be 
considered as part of the 
hazard, and not as casual 
water. The banks of any 
recognized water hazard are 
considered part of the hazard. 

15. When a ball has to be 
dropped, the player himself shall 
drop it. He shall face the hole, 
and (except in the case of a 
ball lifted from casual water, 
for which provision is made in 
Rule 14) stand erect behind the 
spot from which the ball was 
lifted, or, in the case of water 



OFFICIAL RULES OF GOLF 45 

or casual water, the spot at 
which it entered, keep that spot 
in line between himself and the 
hole, and drop the ball behind 
him from his hand, standing as 
far behind the hazard as he 
may please. 

The penalty for a breach of 
this Rule shall be the loss of 
the hole. 

If the ball when dropped 
touch the player, he shall incur 
no penalty, and if it roll into 
a hazard it may be redropped 
without penalty. 

If it be impossible to redrop 
the ball behind the hazard, it 
shall be dropped as near as pos- 
sible to the place where it lay, 
but not nearer the hole. 

Ruling of the United States 
Golf Association 

Penalty : 

In Match Play, for improp- 
erly dropping the ball, loss of 
the hole. 

In Medal Play, two strokes, 
the ball to be redropped prop- 
erly. 



46 THE GORHAM GOLF BOOK 

1 6. When the balls lie within 
six inches of each other on a 
putting-green, or within a club 
length of each other through the 
green or in a hazard (the dis- 
tance to be measured from their 
nearest points), the ball nearer 
the hole may, at the option of 
either the player or the opponent, 
be lifted until the other is played, 
and shall then be replaced as 
near as possible to the place 
where it lay. If the ball further 
from the hole be moved in so 
doing, or in measuring the dis- 
tance, it shall be replaced with- 
out penalty. If the lie of the 
lifted ball be altered by the 
player in playing, the ball may 
be placed in a lie as nearly as 
possible similar to that from 
which it was lifted, but not 
nearer the hole. 

17. Any loose impediments 
may be removed from the put- 
ting-green, irrespective of the 
position of the player's ball. The 
opponent's ball may not be 
moved except as provided for by 
the immediately preceding Rule. 
If the player's ball move after 



OFFICIAL RULES OF GOLF 47 

any loose impediment lying with- 
in six inches of it has been 
touched by the player, his part- 
ner, or either of their caddies, 
the penalty shall be one stroke. 

Ruling of the United States 
Golf Association 

Penalty : 

In Match Play, one stroke. 
In Medal Play, one stroke. 

18. When the ball is on the 
putting-green the player or his 
caddie may remove (but not 
press down) sand, earth, dung, 
worm-casts, mole-hills, snow, or 
ice lying round the hole or in 
the line of his putt. This shall 
be done by brushing lightly with 
the hand only across the putt and 
not along it. Dung may be re- 
moved by a club, but the club 
must not be laid with more than 
its own weight upon the ground. 
The line of the putt must not be 
touched, except with the club 
immediately in front of the ball, 
in the act of addressing it, or as 
above authorized. The penalty 



48 THE GORHAM GOLF BOOK 

for a breach of this Rule is the 
loss of the hole. 

Ruling of the United States 
Golf Association 

Penalty : 

In Match Play, loss of the 
hole. 

In Medal Play, two strokes. 

The "line of the putt" does 
not extend beyond the hole. 

"The player or his caddie" 
shall include his partner or his 
partner's caddie. 

19. When the ball is on the 
putting-green, no mark shall be 
placed, nor line drawn as a 
guide. The line of the putt may 
be pointed out by the player s 
caddie, his partner, or his part- 
ner's caddie, but the person do- 
ing so must not touch the ground. 

The player's caddie, his part- 
ner, or his partner's caddie, may 
stand at the hole, but no player 
nor caddie shall endeavor, by 
moving or otherwise, to influence 
the action of the wind upon the 
ball. 



OFFICIAL RULES OF GOLF 5 1 

The penalty for a breach of 
this Rule is the loss of the hole, 

Ruling of the United States 
Golf Association 

Penalty: 

In Match Play, loss of the 
hole. 

In Medal Play, two strokes. 

20. When on the putting-green, 
a player shall not play until tne 
opponent's ball is at rest, under 
penalty of one stroke. 

Ruling of the United States 
Golf Association 

Penalty: 

In Match Play, one stroke. 
In Medal Play, one stroke. 

21. Either side is entitled to 
have the flag-stick removed when 
approaching the hole, but if a 
player's ball strike the flag-stick 
which has been so removed by 
himself, or his partner, or either 
of their caddies, his side shall 
lose the hole. 

If the ball rest against the 



52 THE GORHAM GOLF BOOK 

flag-stick when in the hole, 
the player shall be entitled 
to remove the stick, and, if 
the ball fall in, it shall be 
deemed as having been holed out 
at the last stroke. If the play- 
er's ball knock in the opponent's 
ball, the latter shall be deemed 
as having been holed out at the 
last stroke. If the player's ball 
move the opponent's ball, the 
opponent, if he choose, may re- 
place it, but this must be done 
before another stroke is played. 
If the player's ball stop on the 
spot formerly occupied by the 
opponent's ball, and the oppo- 
nent declare his intention to re- 
place, the player shall first play 
another stroke, after which the 
opponent shall replace and play 
his ball. If the opponent's ball 
lie on the edge of the hole, the 
player, after holing out, may 
knock it away, claiming the hole 
if holing at the like, and the 
half if holing at the odd, pro- 
vided that the player's ball does 
not strike the opponent's ball 
and set it in motion. If after 
the player's ball is in the hole, 



OFFICIAL RULES OF GOLF 53 

the player neglect to knock away 
the opponent's ball, and it fall in 
also, the opponent shall be 
deemed to have holed out at his 
last stroke. 

Ruling of the United States 
Golf Association 

Penalty for striking flag- 
stick when removed by player, 
or his partner, or either of 
their caddies: 

In Match Play, loss of the hole. 

In Medal Play, two strokes. 

If player's ball knock in the 
other ball: 

In Match Play, the latter 
shall be counted as holed out 
in the last stroke. 

In Medal Play, the latter 
must be replaced, and the 
player loses one stroke (in 
accordance with Medal Rule 
11) or be disqualified. 

If player's ball displaced 
the other ball: 

In Match Play, the other 
ball may be replaced at its 
owner's option, but this must 
be done before another stroke 
is played. 



54 THE GORHAM GOLF BOOK 

In Medal Play, the other 
ball must be replaced and the 
player loses one stroke (in ac- 
cordance with Medal Rule n) 
or be disqualified. 

22. If a ball in motion be 
stopped or deflected by any 
agency outside the match, or by 
the forecaddie, the ball must be 
played from where it lies, and 
the occurrence submitted to as a 
"rub of the green." If a ball 
lodge in anything moving, a ball 
shall be dropped as near as pos- 
sible to the place where the ob- 
ject was when the ball lodged in 
it, without penalty. If a ball at 
rest be displaced by any agency 
outside the match, excepting 
wind, the player shall drop a ball 
as near as possible to the place 
where it lay, without penalty. 
On the putting-green the ball 
shall be replaced by hand, with- 
out penalty. 

Ruling of the United States 
Golf Association 

Ball at rest displaced by any 



OFFICIAL RULES OF GOLF 55 

agency outside the match, ex- 
cepting the wind: 

In Match Play, must be 
dropped, or if on putting- 
green replaced as near as pos- 
sible to where it lay, without 
penalty, or the hole shall be 
lost. 

In Medal Play, must be re- 
placed as near as possible to 
where it lay, without penalty 
(Medal Rule 8), or its owner 
disqualified. 

23. If the player's ball strike, 
or be moved by an opponent or 
an opponent's caddie or clubs, 
the opponent shall lose the hole. 

Ruling of the United States 
Golf Association 

Penalty: 

In Match Play, loss of the 
hole. 

In Medal Play, no penalty. 

If the player's ball strike 
the other competitor or his 
caddie or clubs, it is a "rub 
of the green" and the ball 
shall be played from where it 
lies. If a player's ball at rest 



56 THE GORHAM GOLF BOOK 

be moved by the other com- 
petitor or his caddie, the ball 
must be replaced as near as 
possible to the place where 
it lay, without penalty, or the 
player disqualified. (Medal 
Rule 8.) 

24. When a player has holed 
out and his opponent has been 
left with a putt for the half, 
nothing that the player can do 
shall deprive him of the half 
which he has already gained. 

25. If the player's ball strike, 
or be stopped by himself or his 
partner, or either of their cad- 
dies or clubs, his side shall lose 
the hole. 

Ruling of the United States 
Golf Association 

Penalty : 

In Match Play, loss of the 
hole. 

In Medal Play, one stroke. 
(Medal Rule 7.) 

26. If the player, when not 
intending to make a stroke, or 



OFFICIAL RULES OF GOLF 57 

his partner, or either of their 
caddies, move his or their ball, 
or by touching anything cause it 
to move when it is in play, the 
penalty shall be one stroke. If 
a ball in play move after the 
player has grounded his club in 
the act of addressing it, or, 
when in a hazard, if he has 
taken up his stand to play it, he 
shall be ^ieemed to have caused 
it to move, and the movement 
shall be counted as his stroke. 

27. Except from the tee, a 
player shall not play while his 
ball is moving, under penalty of 
the loss of the hole. If the ball 
only begin to move while the 
player is making his upward or 
downward swing, he shall incur 
no penalty for playing while it 
is moving, but is not exempted 
from the penalty stroke which 
he may have incurred under 
Rules 9, 17, or 26, and in a 
foursome a stroke lost under 
Rule 26 shall not, in those cir- 
cumstances, be counted as the 
stroke of the player so as to 
render him liable for having 
played out of turn. 



58 THE GORHAM GOLF BOOK 

Ruling of the United States 
Golf Association 

Penalty for playing a mov- 
ing ball (except at the tee) : 

In Match Play, loss of the 
hole. 

In Medal Play, two strokes. 

But if the ball move while 
the player is making his up- 
ward or downward swing, a 
penalty is only incurred under 
Rules 9 and 17, by moving or 
touching any loose impedi- 
ment, or under Rule 26, by 
grounding his club, or in 
hazard, by taking his stand to 
play it, in which cases the 
penalty shall be: 

In Match Play, one stroke. 

In Medal Play, one stroke. 



28. If the player when mak- 
ing a stroke strike the ball 
twice, the penalty shall be one 
stroke, and he shall incur no 
further penalty by reason of his 
having played while his ball is 
moving. 



OFFICIAL RULES OF GOLF 6l 

Ruling of the United States 
Golf Association 

Penalty: 

In Match Play, one stroke. 
In Medal Play, one stroke. 

29. If a player play the op- 
ponent's ball, his side shall lose 
the hole, unless (1) the oppo- 
nent then play the player's ball, 
whereby the penalty is cancelled, 
and the hole must be played out 
with the balls thus exchanged, 
or (2) the mistake occur through 
wrong information given by the 
opponent or his caddie, in 
which case there shall be no 
penalty, but the mistake, if dis- 
covered before the opponent has 
played, must be rectified by 
placing a ball as near as possible 
to the place where the opponent's 
ball lay. 

If a player play a stroke with 
the ball of a party not engaged 
in the match, and the mistake 
be discovered and intimated to 
his opponent before his oppo* 
nent has played his next stroke, 
there shall be no penalty, but if 



62 THE GORHAM GOLF BOOK 

the mistake be not discovered 
and so intimated until after the 
opponent has played his next 
stroke, the player's side shall 
lose the hole. 

Ruling of the United States 
Golf Association 

Penalty : 

i st. Playing the opponent's 
ball with exceptions (i) and 
(2) above noted in the Rule: 

In Match Play, loss of the 
hole. 

In Medal Play, no penalty. 
The ball must be replaced or 
the player be disqualified. 

2d. Playing out with the ball 
of a party not engaged in the 
match : 

In Match Play, loss of the 
hole, provided mistake is dis- 
covered after the opponent 
has played his next stroke 
and intimated to his opponent. 

In Medal Play, disqualifica- 
tions, but if mistake be dis- 
covered before striking off 
from next teeing-ground, the 
player may go back and play 



OFFICIAL RULES OF GOLF 63 

his own ball without penalty, 
or, not finding it, return as 
near as possible to the spot 
where it was last struck, tee 
another ball and lose a stroke. 
(Medal Rule 6.) 

30. If a ball be lost, except 
as otherwise provided for in the 
Rules, the player's side shall lose 
the hole; but if both balls be 
lost, the hole shall be considered 
halved. 

Ruling of the United States 
Golf Association 

"Otherwise provided for" in 

Rules 14, 32. 

Penalty for lost ball: 

In Match Play, loss of the 

hole. 

In Medal Play, the com- 
petitor must return as near as 
possible to the spot from 
which the lost ball was last 
struck, tee a ball and lose a 
penalty stroke. (Medal Rule 



31. If a ball lie in fog, bent, 
whin, long grass, or the like, 



64 THE GORHAM GOLF BOOK 

only so much thereof shall be 
touched as will enable the player 
to find his ball; but if a ball 
shall lie in the sand, the sand 
shall not be touched. The 
penalty for a breach of this Rule 
shall be the loss of the hole. 

Ruling of the United States 
Golf Association 

Penalty : 

In Match Play, loss of the 
hole. 

In Medal Play, two strokes. 

32. If a ball be played out of 
bounds, a ball shall be dropped 
at the spot from which the 
stroke was played, under penalty 
of loss of the distance. A ball 
played out of bounds need not 
be found. 

If it be doubtful whether a 
ball has been played out of 
bounds another may be dropped 
and played, but if it be discov- 
ered that the first ball is not out 
of bounds, it shall continue in 
play without penalty. 

A player may stand out of 



OFFICIAL RULES OF GOLF 65 

bounds to play a ball lying with- 
in bounds. 

Ruling of the United States 
Golf Association 

Penalty: 

In Match Play, loss of the 
distance. 

In Medal Play, loss of the 
distance. 

33. A player shall not ask for 
advice from anyone except his 
own caddie, his partner, or his 
partner's caddie, nor shall he 
willingly be otherwise advised in 
any wav whatever, under penalty 
of the loss of the hole. 

Ruling of the United States 
Golf Association 

Penalty : 

In Match Play, loss of the 
hole. 

In Medal Play, disqualifica- 
tion. (Medal Rule 12.) 

34. If a ball split into separate 
pieces, another ball may be put 
down where the largest portion 



66 THE GORHAM GOLF BOOK 

lies, or if two pieces are ap- 
parently of equal size, it may be 
put where either piece lies, at 
the option of the player. If a 
ball crack or become' unfit for 
play, the player may change it, 
on intimating to his opponent 
his intention to do so. Mud ad- 
hering to a ball shall not be con- 
sidered as making it unfit for 
play. 

35. Where no penalty for the 
breach of a Rule is stated, the 
penalty shall be the loss of the 
hole. 

36. If a dispute arise on any 
point, the players have the right 
of determining the party or par- 
ties to whom it shall be referred, 
but should they not agree, either 
side may refer it to the Rules_ of 
Golf Committee, whose decision 
shall be final. If the point in 
dispute be not covered by the 
Rules of Golf, the arbiters must 
decide it by equity. 

Ruling of the United States 
Golf Association 

Such dec ; sions may be final- 
ly referred to ihe Executive 



OFFICIAL RULES OF GOLF 67 

Committee of the United 
States Golf Association. 

37. An umpire or referee, 
when appointed, shall take cog- 
nizance of any breach of Rule 
that he may observe, whether he 
be appealed to on the point or 
not 



SPECIAL RULES 
for 

STROKE 
COMPETITION 

1. In stroke competition, the 
competitor who holes the stipu- 
lated course in fewest strokes 
shall be the winner. 

2. If the lowest scores be 
made by two or more competi- 
tors, the tie or ties shall be de- 
cided by another round, to be 
played on the same day. But if 
the Green Committee determine 
that to be inexpedient or impos- 
sible, they shall then appoint the 
following or some subsequent 
day whereon the tie or ties shall 
be decided. 

Ruling of the United States 
Golf Association 

Except that By-Laws 14 and 
18 of the United States Golf 



72 THE GORHAM GOLF BOOK 

Association provide that, in 
case of ties for the sixty- fourth 
place in the Amateur Cham- 
pionship medal rounds, or for 
the thirty-second place in the 
Woman's Championship medal 
rounds, respectively, the con- 
testants so tied shall continue 
to play until one or the other 
shall have gained a lead by 
strokes, the hole or holes to 
be played out. 

3. New holes shall be made 
for Stroke Competition, and 
thereafter, before starting, no 
competitor shall play on any of 
the holes nor on to any of the 
putting-greens, under penalty of 
disqualification. 

Ruling of the United States 
Golf Association 

Disqualification. 

Competitors must always as- 
sume that new holes have been 
made. Practice strokes may be 
played through the green, and 
in hazards. 

In Match Play competition, 



STROKE COMPETITION 73 

other than Bogey competitions, 
practice strokes may be played 
en the putting-green. 

4. The scores for each hole 
shall be kept by a special mark- 
er, or by the competitors noting 
each other's scores. The scores 
marked ought to be called out 
after each hole, and on comple- 
tion of the round the cards 
shall be signed by the marker, 
under penalty of his disqualifi- 
cation, and handed in. Com- 
petitors must satisfy themselves 
before the cards are handed in 
that their scores for each hole 
are correctly marked, as no al- 
terations can be made on any 
card after it has been returned. 
If it be found that a score re- 
turned is below that actually 
played, the competitor shall be 
disqualified. For the addition 
of the scores marked the Sec- 
retary or his deputy shall be 
responsible. 

Ruling of the United States 
Golf Association 

The special marker, when 



74 THE GORHAM GOLF BOOK 

appointed, shall take cogni- 
zance of any breach of Rule 
that he may observe, wheth- 
er he be appealed to on the 
point or not. (Rule 37.) 

In the absence of a special 
marker, competitors must note 
each other's scores and the 
cards shall be duly signed be- 
fore being handed in, under 
penalty of disqualification. 

5. If a competitor play from 
outside the limits of the teeing- 
ground, the penalty shall be dis- 
qualification. 

Ruling of the United States 
Golf Association 

Penalty : 
Disqualification. 

6. If a ball be lost (except as 
otherwise provided for in the 
Rules of Golf), the competitor 
shall return as near as possible 
to the spot from which the lost 
ball was struck, tee a ball, and 
lose a penalty stroke. The lost 
ball shall continue in play, if it 
be found before the player has 



STROKE COMPETITION 75 

struck another ball. The pen- 
alty for a breach of this Rule 
shall be disqualification. 

Ruling of the United States 
Golf Association 

Penalty : 
Disqualification. 
"Otherwise provided for" in 
Rules 14 and 32. 

7. If a competitor's ball strike 
himself, his clubs, or caddie, the 
penalty shall be one stroke. 

8. If a competitor's ball strike 
another competitor, or his clubs 
or caddie, it is a "rub of the 
green," and the ball shall be 
played from where it lies. If a 
competitor's ball which is at rest 
be moved by another competitor 
or his caddie, or his club, or by 
any outside agency excepting 
wind, it shall be replaced as 
near as possible to the place 
where it lay, without penalty. 

9. A competitor shall hole out 
with his own ball at every hole, 
under penalty of disqualifica- 
tion. But if it be discovered, 
before he has struck off from 



76 THE GORHAM GOLF BOOK 

the next teeing-ground or, if the 
mistake occur at the _ last hole, 
before he has handed in his card 
that he has not holed out with 
his own ball, he shall be at lib- 
erty to return and hole out with 
his own ball without penalty. 

Ruling of the United States 
Golf Association 

If he fail to find his own 
ball he shall return as near as 
possible to the spot from 
which lie last struck it, tee a 
ball and lose a stroke. (Medal 
Rule 6.) 

10. A ball may be lifted from 
any place, under penalty of two 
strokes. A ball so lifted shall 
be teed, if possible, behind the 
place where it lay; if it be im- 
possible to tee the ball behind 
the place where it lay, it shall 
be teed as near as possible there- 
to, but not nearer the hole. The 
penalty for a breach of this 
Rule shall be disqualification. 

11. All balls shall be holed 
out, under penalty of disqualifi- 



STROKE COMPETITION 77 

cation. When a competitor's 
ball is within 20 yards of the 
hole, the competitor shall not 
play until the flag has been re- 
moved, under penalty of one 
stroke. When both balls are on 
the putting-green, if the player's 
ball strike his opponent's ball 
the penalty shall be one stroke. 
The ball nearer the hole shall, 
on request of the player, be 
either lifted or holed out at the 
option of the owner, under 
penalty of his disqualification. 
Through the green a competitor 
may have any other competitor's 
ball lifted, if he find that it in- 
terferes with his stroke. 

Ruling of the United States 
Golf Association 

Penalty: 

For striking the flag under 
above Rule, one stroke. 

For not lifting or holding 
ball nearer hole as above pro- 
vided for, disqualification. 

For striking opponent's ball, 
one stroke. 

12. A competitor, unless spe- 



78 THE GORHAM GOLF BOOK 

cially authorized by the Green 
Committee, shall not play with 
a professional, and he may not 
willingly receive advice from 
anyone but his caddie, in any 
way whatever, under penalty of 
disqualification. 

Ruling of the United States 
Golf Association 

Each competitor may have a 
forecaddie, but may not re- 
ceive advice from him. 

13. Competitors shall not dis- 
continue play nor delay to start 
on account of bad weather, nor 
for any other reason whatever, 
except as is satisfactory to the 
committee of the club in charge 
of the competition. The penalty 
for a breach of this Rule is dis- 
qualification. 

14. Where, in the Rules of 
Golf the penalty for the breach 
of any Rule is the loss of 
the hole, in stroke competitions 
the penalty shall be the loss of 
two strokes, except where other- 
wise provided for in these Spe- 
cial Rules. 



STROKE COMPETITION 



79 



15. Any dispute regarding the 
play shall be determined by the 
Rules of Golf Committee. 

Ruling of the United States 
Golf Association 

Such decision may be finally 
referred to the Executive Com- 
mittee of the United States 
Golf Association. 

16. The Rules of Golf, so far 
as they are not at variance with 
these Special Rules, shall apply 
to Stroke Competitions. 

Ruling of the United States 
Golf Association 

Applicable also to Bogey 
competitions, excepting that a 
competitor loses the hole: 

When the ball is lost; 

When the ball is not played 
where it lies, except as other- 
wise provided for in the 
Rules. 



RULES FOR THREE- 
BALL MATCHES 

In matches in which three 
players play against each other, 
each playing his own ball (here- 
inafter referred to as "a three- 
ball match") or in which one 
player plays his own ball 
against the best ball of two 
players (hereinafter referred to 
as "a best-ball match"), the 
Rules of Golf apply, subject to 
the following modifications: 

1. Where, in a three-ball 
match, at any teeing-ground, no 
player is entitled to claim the 
honour from both opponents, 
the same order of strilang shall 
be followed as at the previous 
teeing-ground. 

2. Except as hereinafter pro- 
vided, the side whose ball is 
furthest from the hole shall play 



84 THE GORHAM GOLF BOOK 

first, but a ball lying nearer the 
hole belonging to one of that 
side may, at their option, be 
played before the ball lying 
furthest from the hole. If a 
player play when his opponent 
should have done so he shall 
incur no penalty. 

3. If a player consider that 
an opponent's ball on the put- 
ting-ground, might interfere 
with his stroke, he may require 
the opponent either to lift or to 
hole out his ball at the oppo- 
nent's discretion. 

4. If an opponent consider 
that the ball of another oppo- 
nent might be of assistance to 
the player, he may require that 
it be either lifted or holed out 
at the other opponent's dis- 
cretion, 

5. If an opponent consider 
that his own ball might be of 
assistance to the player he is 
entitled to lift it or hole out at 
his discretion. 

6. If an opponent consider 
that the player's partner's ball 
might be of assistance to the 
player, he may require that it 



'THREE-BALL MATCHES 85 

be either lifted or holed out at 
the player's partner's discretion. 

7. In a three-ball match, a 
ball on the putting-green, which 
is moved by another ball, must 
be replaced as nearly as possible 
to where it lay. 

8. In a best-ball match, if a 
player's ball move his partner's 
ball or an opponent's ball, the 
opponent shall in either case de- 
cide whether the moved ball shall 
be replaced or not. 

9. If in a three-ball match a 
player's ball strike or be moved 
by an opponent or an opponent's 
caddie, or clubs, that opponent 
shall lose the hole to the player. 
As regards the other opponent 
the occurrence is a "rub of the 
green." 

10. In a best-ball match if a 
player's ball strike or be moved 
by an opponent or an opponent's 
caddie or clubs, the opponent's 
side shall lose the hole. 

ix. In a best-ball match if a 
player's ball (the player being 
one of a side) strike or be 
stopped by himself or his part- 
ner, or either of their caddies or 



86 THE GORHAM GOLF BOOK 

clubs, that player only shall be 
disqualified for that hole. 

12. In all other cases where a 
player would by the Rules of 
Golf incur the loss of the hole, 
he shall be disqualified for that 
hole, but the disqualification 
shall not apply to his partner. 

Ruling of the United States 
Golf Association 

The foregoing Rules for 
three-ball matches shall apply 
to four-ball matches. 




V>— ga«a—^^— mum umui. — W 

An INDEX to tie 
RULES & RULINGS 

GENERAL INDEX 

Rule 

Addressing, ball touched in . . 8 

ball moved in act of 26 

the ball 1 (/?)> 12, 13 

Advice, asking for 33 

Ball, action of wind on 19 

altered lie of 16 

addressing the...i (p), 12, 13 
anything fixed or growing 

near 11 

in three-ball match 32 

at rest displaced by outside 

agency 22 

displaced by wind 22 

replaced by hand on put- 
ting-green 22 

cracked 34 

dropping a 5, 8, 10, 14, 

15, 22, 32 

fairly struck at 6 

falling off tee 3 

into hole 21 



90 THE GORHAM GOLF BOOK 

Ball, how dropped 15 

in casual water 14 

in motion stopped by out- 
side agency 22 

in or touching a hazard... 12 

in play, definition 1 (♦) 

interfering with stroke.... 10 

in three-ball match 32 

in water 14 

in whims, bent, fog, etc... 31 
knocking away opponent's.. 21 
knocking in opponent's.... 21 

He altered 16 

lifted 10, 16 

in hazard 10 

lifting opponent's 16 

or holding out in three- 
ball match 32 

lodged in anything moving. 22 

lost 1 (&), 30 

lying in golf-hole or flag- 
hole 10 

moved 1 (/), 8, 10, 16, 17 

by outside agency 8 

in act of addressing. ... 26 

in hazard... 26 

when no stroke intended. 27 

moving 3 

after loose impediment 

touched 9, 17 

opponent's 8, 16, 17, 21 



RULES AND RULINGS 01 

Ball, mud adhering to 34 

not in match, playing 29 

on clothes, nets, etc 10 

opponent's, at rest on put- 
ting-green 20 

displaced - 21 

falling into hole 21 

out of bounds 32 

played out of turn 2, 5 

outside teeing-ground. . . 2 

wherever it lies 7 

playing opponent's 29 

replaced.. 3, 10, 12, 16, 21, 22 

resting against flag-stick. . . 21 

re-teed 2 

split into pieces 34 

striking or moved by op- . 
ponent, his caddie, or 

clubs 23 

striking or stopped by 
player, his partner, cad- 
die, or clubs '.23, 25 

struck twice 28 

touched in addressing 8 

unfit for play 34 

Balls exchanged 29 

lost 30 

within club length of each 

other 16 



within six inches of each 
other on putting-green . . 16 



92 THE GORHAM GOLF BOOK 

Bounds, ball out of. . 32 

out of, definition 1 (g) 

Caddie, ball striking or 

stopped by 23, 25 

may stand at hole 19 

Casual water, ball in 14 

definition 1 (h) 

in hazard 14 

not a hazard 1 (e) 

Clothes, nets, etc., ball on.. 10 
Club, when grounded... 1 (/>), 26 
Definition of addressing the 

ball 1 (/>) 

of ball in play 1 (i) 

of casual water 1 (h) 

of a "foursome" 1 (a) 

of the Game 1 (a), 1 (b) 

of a halved hole 1 (b) 

of a hazard 1 (e) 

of "the honour" 1 (o) 

of "lost ball" 1 (k) 

of a match 1 (/) 

of "moved" 1 (/) 

of "out of bounds" 1 (g) 

of a penalty stroke 1 (n) 

of putting-green 1 (d) 

of a "single" 1 (a) 

of a stroke 1 (m) 

of "teeing-ground" 1 (c) 

of a "threesome" 1 (a) 

of "through the green".. 1 (f) 



RULES AND RULINGS 93 

Disputes, deciding 36 

referring to Rules of Golf 

Committee . . 36 

Distance, loss of 32 

Dung, removal of 13 

on putting-green, removal 

of 18 

Flag-hole, ball lying in 10 

Flag-stick, removing 21 

ball resting against 21 

Forecaddie, ball in motion 

stopped by 22 

Foursome 1 (a), 4 

playing out of turn in 4, 5 

Golf hole, ball lying in 10 

Grass, whin, etc 1 O), 12 

Ground under repair, etc., 

ball on 10 

Halved hole, definition . . . . 1 (b) 

Hazard, ball lifted in 10 

ball lying in or touching.. 12 

bail in water in 14 

ball moved in 26 

casual water in 14 

casual water not a 1 O) 

definition 1 (e) 

permanent grass in 1 (e) 

sand blown on grass not 

a 1 O) 

Hole, dimensions of 1 (c) 



94 THE GORHAM GOLF BOOK 

Hole, partner or caddie may- 
stand at 19 

Holes, reckoning of 1 (g) 

Honour, the 1 (0), 2 

Impediment, loose, remov- 
al 9, 12, 17 

more than club length from 
all 9 

touched, ball moving after. 17 

Irregularities of surface 13 

Lie of ball altered 16 

Line drawn on putting-green. 19 

of putt pointed out 19 

of putt, touching 18 

Match, beginning of, de- 
scribed 2 

definition 1 (/) 

Mole hills 13, 18 

Nets, etc., ball on 10 

Obstacle, immovable 12 (2) 

Obstruction, ball lying on or 

touching 10 

Opponent, etc., ball striking 

or moved by 23 

Opponent's ball displaced.... 21 

at rest on putting-green.... 20 

knocking away, knocking 
in, etc 21 

moving 8, 16, 17, 21 

player playing 27 

Out of bounds, ball played.. 32 



RULES AND RULINGS 95 

Out of bounds, definition . . i (g) 

Outside agency 22 

Partner may stand at hole... 19 
Penalty stroke, definition . . 1 (n) 
counted stroke of player... 26 
under Rule 27 not counted 
stroke of player 3, 27 

Penalties— 

(1) Loss of Hole 

Playing while ball moving. . 27 

Playing out of turn 4 

Unfair stroke 6 

Removing loose impediment 

wrongfully 9 

Moving, etc., anything fixed 

or growing 11 

Improving lie, or touching 

anything in hazard 12 

Pressing down or removing 

irregularities 13 

Touching line of putt, etc... 18 
Marking line of putt, etc... 19 
Ball striking or moved by 

opponent, etc 23 

striking or stopped by play- 
er, etc 25 

Playing opponent's ball (un- 
der exceptions) 29 

Playing ball not in match .... 29 



96 THE GO R HAM GOLF BOOK 

Lost ball . 30 

Breach of Rule as to touching 

fog, bent, whins, etc 31 

Asking for advice wrongfully 33 

(2) Loss of One Stroke 

Moving or touching ball with- 
out consent 8 

Ball moving after loose im- 
pediment touched 9, 17 

Dropping ball lying or lost in 
water 14 

Playing on putting-green be- 
fore opponent's ball at rest. 20 

Striking ball twice 28 

Ball moved when no stroke 
intended 26 

Ball moved in hazard 26 

(3) Disqualification 

Player, etc., ball striking 25 

striking ball twice 28 

Playing ball not in match .... 29 

opponent's ball 29 

out of turn 4, 5 

outside teeing-ground 2 

Putt, pointing out line of.... 19 

touching line of 18 

Putting-green, ball in casual 

water on 14 



RULES AND RULINGS 97 

Putting-green, balls within six 
inches of each other on. . 16 

definition i (d) 

loose impediments on... 12, 17 

no mark placed on 19 

opponent's ball at rest on. . 20 
removing sand, earth, dung, 

etc., on 18 

removing snow or ice on.. 18 

Re-teeing ball 2 

"Rub of the green" 22 

Sand blown on grass or 

sprinkled on course 1 O) 

Side, definition 1 (a) 

Single, definition 1 (a) 

Snow and ice not hazards. .1 O) 
on putting-green, removing. 18 

Soling club 11 

Split ball 34 

Striking ball twice 28 

Stroke, definition 1 (m) 

penalty, counted as stroke 

of player 26 

penalty, definition 1 (n) 

Strokes, reckoning of 1 (q) 

Surface, irregularities of.... 13 

Tee, ball falling off 3 

Teeing-ground, definition .. .1 (c) 

ball played outside 2 

Threesome 1 (a), 5 



9S THE GORHAM GOLF BOOK 

"Through the green," defini- 
tion i (f) 

Vessel, etc., on course 10 

Water, a hazard i (e) 

ball in 14 

casual, definition 1 (#0 

casual, not a hazard 1 (e) 

in hazard, ball in 14 

Wheelbarrow, etc., on course 10 
Whins, long grass, etc., ball in 31 

Wind, action of, on ball 19 

ball at rest displaced by. . . 22 
Worm-casts, mole-hills, etc. 13, 16 
on putting-green, removing 18 

Wrong ball, playing 29 

information by opponent, 
etc 29 (2) 

SPECIAL RULES FOR 
MEDAL PLAY 

Advice, competitor receiving. 12 

Bad weather 13 

Ball, assisting competitor.... n 

moved 8 

out of difficultv 10 

lost 6 

outside teeing-ground 5 

striking another competitor, 

etc 8 

striking competitor, etc ... . 7 

holed out 11 



RULES AND RULINGS 101 

Breach of Rule, penalty for.. 14 

Competitor receiving advice.. 12 

holing out 9 

playing before flag removed 11 
playing with professional.. 12 
discontinuing play on ac- 
count of bad weather.... 13 
Correction of score card.... 4 

Difficulty, lifting out of 10 

Disputes determined by Rules 

of Golf Committee 15 

Flag, removing 11 

Forecaddie may be employed. 12 

Holing out 9, 11 

mistake in 9 

Holes, new, for stroke com- 
petitions 3 

Outside agency, ball moved 

by S 

Penalty stroke, for breach of 

Rule 14 

Loss of One Stroke 

Lost ball 6 

Ball striking competitor, etc.. 7 

Playing before flag removed.. 11 

Loss of Two Strokes 

Lifting a ball out of difficulty 10 
Where, in the Rules of Golf, 



102 THE GORHAM GOLF BOOK 

the penalty for the breach 
of any Rule is the loss of 
the hole (except as other- 
wise provided in the Spe- 
cial Rules) 14 

Disqualification 

Playing on putting-green be- 
fore starting 3 

Returning score below that 

actually made 4 

Playing from outside teeing- 

ground 5 

Competitor not holing out 

with his own ball 9 

Ball not holed out 11 

Receiving advice wrongfully. 12 
Discontinuing play on ac- 
count of bad weather 13 

Playing ball outside teeing- 

ground 5 

Professional, competitor play- 
ing with 12 

Putting-green, competitor play- 
ing on, before starting 3 

"Rub of the green" 8 

Score card, mistake in 4 

Scores, how kept, 4 

Stroke competitions, deciding 
ties in 2 



RULES AND RULINGS 103 

Stroke competitions, how won i 

new holes made for 3 

Teeing-ground, ball played 

outside 5 

Ties, deciding 2 

Two strokes, penalty of 14 

Weather, discontinuing play 

on account of 13 

Wind, ball at rest, displaced 

by 8 



RULES FOR 
THREE AND FOUR BALL 
MATCHES 

A three-ball match, definition (a) 
A best-ball match, definition (&) 
Ball, furthest from the hole. 2 

lifted at option 2 

moved 7, 8 

moved on putting-green.... 7 

nearer to the hole 2 

played out of turn 2 

replaced 7, 8 

strike or be moved by op- 
ponent, etc 9, 10 

strike player or partner, 

etc 11 

to be lifted or holed, as- 
sistance 4, 5, 6 



104 THE GORHAM GOLF BOOK 

Ball, to be lifted or holed, in- 
terference 

Disqualification of player..n, 

Honour at teeing-ground 

Where Rules of Golf incur 
loss of hole 




ETIQUETTE OF 
GOLF 

THE following established 
Rules of Etiquette, al- 
though not authorized under 
the present code, should be 
observed by all golfers : 

1. A single player has no 
standing and must always give 
way to a properly constituted 
match. 

2. No player, caddie, or on- 
looker should move or talk dur- 
ing a stroke. 

3. No player should play from 
the tee until the party in front 
have played their second strokes, 
and are out of range, nor play 
up to the putting-green till the 
party in front have holed out 
and moved away. 

4. The player who has the 
honour should be allowed to play 
before his opponent tees his ball. 



Io6 THE GORHAM GOLF BOOK 

5. Players who have holed out 
should not try their putts over 
again when other players are fol- 
lowing them. 

6. Players looking for a lost 
ball must allow other matches 
coming up to pass them. 

7. Any match playing a whole 
round may claim the right to 
pass a match playing a shorter 
round, or a match starting at 
other than the first tee. 

While a three-ball or four-ball 
match may be passed (Rule 1 — 
Def. A.) such a match keeping 
its place on the green should be 
treated as a properly constituted 
match. 

8. If a match fail to keep its 
place on the green, and lose in 
distance more than one clear 
hole on those in front, it may 
be passed, on request being made. 

9. Turf cut or displaced by a 
stroke should be at once replaced. 

10. A player should carefully 
fill up all holes made by himself 
in a bunker. 



A GLOSSARY 
of the 

TECHNICAL TERMS 

Employed in the Game 
of Golf 

Addressing the ball. — Putting 
one's self in position to strike 
the ball. 

Approach. — When a player is 
sufficiently near the hole to 
be able to drive the ball to 
the putting-green, his stroke 
is called the "approach shot." 

Baff. — To strike the ground 
with the "sole" of the club- 
head in playing, and so send 
ball in air. 

Baffy. — A wooden club to play 
lofting shots. 

Bent. — -Rush, bent-grass. 

Bogey. — Usually given the title 



108 THE GORHAM GOLF BOOK 

of Colonel. A phantom who 
is credited with a certain 
score for each hole against 
which each score player is 
competing. 
Bone. — A piece of ram's horn 
inserted in the sole of the 
club to prevent it from slip- 
ping. 

Brassie. — A wooden club with a 

brass sole. 
Break-club. — An obstacle lying 

near a ball of such a nature 

as might break the club when 

striking at the ball. 
Bulger. — A club with a convex 

face. 

Bunker. — A term originally 
confined almost exclusively 
to a sandpit. Its use is now 
extended to almost any kind 
of hazard. 

Bye.— The holes remaining after 
a match is finished. 

Caddie. — A person who carries 
the golfer's clubs. 

Carry. — The distance from the 
place where the ball is struck 
to the place where it pitches. 
Hence a long carry and a 
short carry. 



TECHNICAL TERMS III 

Cleek, — An iron-headed club 
used for driving, and some- 
times for putting. 

Club. — The implement with 
which the ball is struck. 

Course. — That portion of the 
links on which the game ought 
to be played, generally bound- 
ed on either side by rough 
ground or other hazard. 

Cup. — A small hole in the 
course, usually one made by 
the stroke of some previous 
player. 

Dead. — A ball is said to be 
"dead" when it lies so near 
the hole that the "putt" is a 
dead certainty. A ball is said 
to fall "dead" when it does 
not run after alighting. 

Divot. — Piece of turf cut out 
by an iron, which should al- 
ways be carefully replaced. 

Dormy. — One side is said to be 
"dormy" when it has as many 
holes ahead as there remains 
holes to play. 

Draw. — To drive widely to the 
left hand. Identical in its 
effect with hook and pull. 

Driver. — A wooden-headed club 



112 THE GORHAM GOLF BOOK 

with a full-length shaft, more 
or less supple. With it the 
ball can be driven to the 
greatest distance. It is used 
when the ball lies well and 
from the tee. 
Face. — i, The slope of the bun- 
ker or hillock; 2, the part of 
the club-head that strikes the 
ball. 

Flat. — A club is said to be 
"fiat" when its head is at a 
very obtuse angle to the shaft. 

Fog. — Moss, rank grass. 

Fore! — A warning cry to any 
person in the way of a stroke. 
(Contracted from "before.") 

Foozle. — A bad, bungling 
stroke. 

Foursome. — A match in which 
two play on each side; those 
on a side playing alternate 
strokes with the same ball. 

Gobble. — A rapid straight putt 
into the hole, such that, had 
the ball not gone in, it would 
have gone some distance be- 
yond. 

Golf ball. — Made of gutta- 
percha or some composition 
into which gutta-percha largely 



TECHNICAL TERMS 113 

enters, strongly compressed in 

a mould. 
Grassed. — Said of a club whose 

face is slightly "spooned" or 

sloped backward. 
Green. — i. The whole links; 2, 

the putting-ground around the 

different holes. 
Grip. — 1, The part of the handle 

covered by leather by which 

the club is grasped; 2, the 

grasp itself. 
Gutty. — An euphemistic term 

for a gutta-percha ball. 
Half one. — A handicap of a 

stroke deducted every second 

hole. 

Half shot. — Less than a full 
swing. 

Halved. — A hole is said to be 
halved when each side takes 
the same number of strokes. 
A halved match is a drawn 
game; i. e., the players have 
proved to be equal. 

Hanging. — A hanging ball is one 
that lies on a downward slope. 

Hazard. — A general term for 
bunker, long grass, road, water, 
etc. 

Head. — A head is the lowest 



112 THE GORHAM GOLF BOOK 

with a full-length shaft, more 
or less supple. With it the 
ball can be driven to the 
greatest distance. It is used 
when the ball lies well and 
from the tee. 
Face. — i, The slope of the bun- 
ker or hillock; 2, the part of 
the club-head that strikes the 
ball. 

Flat. — A club is said to be 
"flat" when its head is at a 
very obtuse angle to the shaft. 

Fog. — Moss, rank grass. 

Fore! — A warning cry to any 
person in the way of a stroke. 
(Contracted from "before.") 

Foozle. — A bad, bungling 
stroke. 

Foursome. — A match in which 
two play on each side; those 
on a side playing alternate 
strokes with the same ball. 

Gobble. — A rapid straight putt 
into the hole, such that, had 
the ball not gone in, it would 
have gone some distance be- 
yond. 

Golf ball.— Made of gutta- 
percha or some composition 
into which gutta-percha largely 



TECHNICAL TERMS 113 

enters, strongly compressed in 

a mould. 
Grassed. — Said of a club whose 

face is slightly "spooned" or 

sloped backward. 
Green. — — i. The whole links; 2, 

the putting-ground around the 

different holes. 
Grip. — 1, The part of the handle 

covered by leather by which 

the club is grasped; 2, the 

grasp itself. 
Gutty. — An euphemistic term 

for a gutta-percha balL 
Half one. — A handicap of a 

stroke deducted every second 

hole. 

Half shot. — Less than a full 
swing. 

Halved. — A hole is said to be 
halved when each side takes 
the same number of strokes. 
A halved match is a drawn 
game; i. e., the players have 
proved to be equal. 

Hanging. — A hanging ball is one 
that lies on a downward slope. 

Hazard. — A general term for 
bunker, long grass, road, water, 
etc. 

Head. — A head is the lowest 



114 TH E GORHAM GOLF BOOK 

part of a club, and possesses, 
among other mysterious char- 
acteristics, a sole, heel, toe, 
or nose, neck, face. 

Heel. — i, Part of head nearest 
the shaft; 2, to hit from this 
part and send ball to the right. 

Hole. — 1, The four and a quar- 
ter inch hole lined with iron. 
The holes going out are gen- 
erally marked with white, 
those in, with red flags; 2, the 
whole space between any two 
of these. 

Honours. — The right to play off 
first from the tee. 

Hook. — See Draw. 

Horn. — A piece of that sub- 
stance inserted in the sole of 
the club to prevent it slipping. 

Hose. — The socket, in iron- 
headed clubs, into which the 
shaft fits. 

Iron. — A club made of the ma- 
terial its name implies, with 
the head more or less laid 
back to loft a ball. 

Jerk. — In "jerking," the club 
should strike the ball with a 
downward cut, and stop on 
reaching the ground. 



TECHNICAL TERMS 115 

Lie. — 1, The inclination of a 
club when held on the ground 
in the natural position for 
striking; 2, the situation of 
the ball — good or bad. 

Lift. — To take the ball out of a 
hazard, and drop or tee it be- 
hind. 

Like. — See under Odds. 

Like as we lie. — When both 
sides have played the same 
number of strokes. 

Links. — The open downs or 
heath on which golf is played. 

Loft. — To elevate the ball. 

Long odds. — Where a player has 
to play a stroke more than his 
adversary* who is much far- 
ther out — that is, nearer the 
hole. 

Made. — A player or his ball is 
said to be made when his ball 
is sufficiently near the hole to 
be played on to the putting- 
green next shot. 

Mashie. — Iron club used in ap- 
proaching. 

Match. — 1, Sides playing against 
each other; 2, the game itself. 

Match play. — Reckoning the 
score by holes. 



Il6 THE GORHAM GOLF BOOK 

Medal play. — Reckoning the 
score by strokes. 

Miss the globe.— To fail to 
strike the ball, either by 
swinging right over the top of 
it or by hitting the ground 
behind. It is counted a stroke. 

>,eck. — The # crook of the head 
where it joins the shaft. 

Niblick. — A small, narrow-head- 
ed, heavy iron club used when 
the ball lies in bad places. 

Nose. — The point, or front por- 
tion, of the club-head. 

Odds. — First, means the handi- 
cap given by a strong player to 
a weaker in a single match, 
consisting of either one, two, 
three or more holes to start 
with, or one stroke per hole 
or every; alternate hole, or at 
every third hole, etc.; second, 
to have played the "odds" is 
to have played one stroke 
more than your adversary. 
Some other terms used in 
counting the game will be 
most easily explained here al- 
together. If your opponent 
has played one stroke more 
than you — that is, "the odds" 



TECHNICAL TERMS 1 17 

— your next stroke will be 
"the like;" if two strokes 
more — that is, "the two more" 
— your next stroke will be 
"the one off two;" if "three 
more," "the one off three," 
and so on. 

One off two, One off three, 
etc. — See under Odds. 

Press. — To strive to hit harder 
than you can with adequate 
accuracy of aim. 

Putt. — To play the delicate 
game close to the hole. 

Putter. — An upright, stiff- 
shafted, wooden-headed club, 
used when the ball is on the 
putting-green. 

Rind. — A strip of cloth under the 
leather to thicken the grip. 

Rub on the green. — A favorable 
or unfavorable knock to the 
ball, for which no penalty is 
imposed, and which must be 
submitted to. 

Run. — To run a ball along the 
ground in approaching hole in- 
stead of lofting it. 

Scare. — The narrow part of the 
club-head by which it is glued 
to the handle. 



Il8 THE GORHAM GOLF BOOK 

Sclaff. — When the club-head 
strikes the ground behind the 
ball, and follows on with a 
ricochet. 

Scruff. — Slightly razing the 
grass in striking. 

Scratch player. — One who re- 
ceives no allowance in a han- 
dicap. 

Set. — A full complement of 
clubs. 

Shaft.— The stick or handle of 
the club. 

Sole.— The flat bottom of the 
club-head. 

Spoons. — Wooden-headed clubs 
of three lengths — long, middle 
and short; the head is scooped, 
so as to loft the ball. 

Spring. — The degree of supple- 
ness in the shaft. 

Square. — When the game stands 
evenly balanced, neither side 
being any holes ahead. 

Stance. — The position of the 

Slayer's feet when addressing 
imself to the ball. 
Steal. — To hole an unlikely putt 
from a distance by a stroke 
which sends the ball only just 
the distance of the hole. 



TECHNICAL TERMS HQ 

Stroke. — The act of hitting the 
ball with club, or attempt to 
do so. 

Stymie. — When your opponent's 
ball lines in line of your putt. 

Swing. — The sweep of the club 
in driving. 

Swipe. — A full driving stroke. 

Tee. — The pat of sand on which 
the ball is placed for the first 
stroke each hole. 

Teeing-ground. — A space mark- 
ed out, within the limits of 
which the ball must be teed. 

Third. — A handicap of a stroke 
deducted every third hole. 

Toe.— See Nose. 

TWO MORE, THREE MORE, etc. 

See under Odds. 
Top. — To hit the ball above its 
center. 

Upright. — A club is said to be 
upright when its head is not at 
a very obtuse angle to the 
shaft. The converse of flat. 

Whins. — Furze or gorse. 

Whipping. — The pitched twine 
uniting the head and handle. 

Wrist shot. — Less than a half- 
shot, generally played with an 
iron club. 



AMERICAN 
CHAMPIONS 



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THE AMERICAN 
CHAMPIONS 

Since the Organization of the 
United States Golf 
Association 

AMATEUR 

1895 — Chas. B. Macdonald, Chi- 
cago Golf Club, Chicago, 
111. 

1896 — Horace J. Whigham, On- 
wentsia Golf Club, Chi- 
cago, 111. 

1897 — Horace J. Whigham, On- 
wentsia Golf Club, Chi- 
cago, 111. 

1898 — Findlay S. Douglas, Fair- 
field County Golf Club, 
Greenwich, Conn. 

1899 — H. M. Harriman, Garden 
City Golf Club. 

1900— Walter J. Travis, Garden 
City Golf Club. 



124- THE GORHAM GOLF BOOK 

1 90 1 — Walter J. Travis, Garden 
City Golf Club. 

1902 — Louis N. James, Glen 
Mew Golf Club. 

WOMEN 

1895 — Mrs. Chas. S. Brown. 
Shinnecock Hills Golf 
Club, Shinnecock Hills, 
L. I. 

1896 — Miss Beatrix Hoyt, Shin- 
necock Hills Golf Club, 
Shinnecock Hills, L. I. 

1897 — Miss Beatrix Hoyt, Shin- 
necock Hills Golf Club, 
Shinnecock Hills, L. I. 

1898 — Miss Beatrix Hoyt, Shin- 
necock Hills Golf Club, 
Shinnecock Hills, L. I. 

1899 — Miss Ruth Underhill, 
Nassau Country Club. 

1900 — Miss Frances C. Griscorn, 
Merion Cricket Club. 

1901 — Miss Genevieve Hecker. 
Wee Burn Golf Club. 

1902 — Miss Genevieve Hecker, 
Apawannis. 

OPEN 

1895 — Horace Rawlins, New- 
port Golf Club, New- 
port. R. I. 



THE AMERICAN CHAMPIONS 125 

1896 — Tames Foulis, Chicago 
Golf Club, Chicago, 111. 

1897 — Joseph Lloyd, Essex 
County Golf Club, Man- 
chester, Mass. 

1898 — Frederick Herd, Wash- 
ington Park Golf Club, 
Chicago, 111. 

1899 — Willie Smith, Midlothian 
Country Club. 

1900 — Harry Vardon, Ganton, 
England. 

1 90 1 — Willie Anderson, Pittsfield. 
1902. — "Larrie" Auchterlonie. 



The Runners-up (or Sec- 
ond Prize Winners) were: 



AMATEUR 

1895 — Chas. E. Sands, St. An- 
drews Golf Club, Yonkers, 
N. Y. 

1896— John G. Thorpe, Cam- 
bridge Golf Club, Cam- 
bridge, Mass. 

1897 — W. Rossiter Betts, Yale 
Golf Club, New Haven, 
Conn. 



1898 — Walter B. Smith, Yale 
Golf Club, New Haven, 
Conn. 

1899 — Findlay S. Douglas, Fair- 
field County Club. 

1900 — Findlay S. Douglas, Fair- 
field County Club. 

1 901 — W. E. Egan, Chicago, 111. 

1902 — E. M. Byers, Allegheny 
County. 

WOMEN 

1895 — Miss Nellie C. Sargent, 
Essex County Golf Club, 
Manchester, Mass. 

1896 — Mrs. Arthur Turnure, 
Shinnecock Hills Golf 
Club, Shinnecock Hills, 
L. I. 

1897 — Miss Nellie C. Sargent, 
Essex County Golf Club, 
Manchester, Mass. 

1898— Miss Maud K. Wetmore, 
Newport Golf Club, New- 
port, R. I. 

1809— Mrs. Caleb F. Fox, Hunt- 
ingdon Valley Country 
Club. 

3900 — Miss Margaret Curtis, Es- 
sex County Club, Man- 
chester, N. H. 



THE AMERICAN CHAMPIONS I2Q 

1 90 1 — Miss Lucy Herron, Cin- 
cinnati, Ohio. 

1902 — Miss Louisa A. Wells, 
Brookline, Mass. 



OPEN 

1895 — Willie Dunn, Shinnecock 
Hills Golf Club, Shinne- 
cock Hills, L. I. 

1896 — Horace Rawlins, Sadaqua- 
da Golf Club, Utica, N. Y. 

1897 — Willie Anderson, Misqua- 
micut Golf Club, Watch 
Hill, R. I. 

1898 — Alexander Smith, Wash- 
ington Park Golf Club, 
Chicago, 111. 

1899— W. H. Way, Detroit Coun- 
try Club; George Low, 
Dyker Meadow Golf Club; 
Val. Fitzjohn, Otsego 
Golf Club. 

1900 — J. H. Taylor, Redmond, 
England. 

1 90 1 — Tie between Anderson 
and Smith. 

1902 — Tie between Stewart 
Gardner (Professional) 
and W r alter J. Travis 
(Amateur). 




LEADING 
AMATEUR GOLF 

PLAYERS 
of the United States 

as determined by the Tournament of 
the United States Golf Association, 
held on the Grounds of the Glen 
View Golf Club, Illinois, July 15-19, 
1902, and their qualifying scores : 



G. A. Orcniston, Highland 
Golf Club 79 

W. J. Travis, Garden City 
Golf Club 79 

A. Poole, Jr., Onwentsia 
Club 80 

H. C. Egan, Exmoor Country 
Club 82 

P. B. Hoyt, Glen View Golf 
Club 82 

A. Hibbard, Milwaukee Coun- 
try Club 83 

W. E. Egan, Lake Genera 
Golf Club 84 



S32 THE GORHAM GOLF BOOK 

D. P. Fredericks, Oil City 

Golf Club 84 

R. McKittrick, St. Louis 

Country Club 84 

R. E. Hunter, Midlothian 

Country Club 85 

L. H. Conklin, Princeton 

Golf Club 86 

T. C. Davidson, Columbia 

Golf Club. 86 

F. R. Hamlin, Chicago Golf 

Club 86 

F. O. Reinhart, Baltusrol 
Golf Club 86 

M. Behr, Morris County Golf 
Club 87 

J. A. Holabird, Glen View 
Golf Club 87 

R. W. Keyes, Glen View Golf 
Club 87 

P. Pyne, 2d, Princeton Golf 
Club 87 

H. C. Smith, Onwentsia Club. 87 

L. T. Boyd, Milwaukee Coun- 
try Club 88 

L. L. Harban, Columbia Golf 
Club 88 

G. H. Leslie, Skokie Country 
Golf Club 88 

A. G. Lockwood, Allston Golf 
Club 88 



AMATEUR GOLF PLAYERS 133 



N. F. Moore, Onwentsia Club 88 
T. McMillan, Detroit Golf 

Club 89 

S. Bull, Racine Golf Club... 90 

G. T. Brokaw, Princeton Golf 
Club 91 

J. C. Daniels, Midlothian 
Country Club 92 

M. Doran, Jr., St. Paul Golf 
Club 92 

H. J. Tweedie, Belmont Golf 
Club 93 





GOLF CLUBS AND 
THEIR USE 

Golf probably caters to a 
greater variety of tastes in the 
matter of implements — and in- 
spiring a corresponding amount 
of prejudice — than any other 
game. Every player has his 
own particular brand, or his 
own distinctive style of club for 
certain occasions, and any at- 
tempt to make him change his 
outnt would be as useless as an 
attempt to make him alter his 
method of play, 

Despite the large array of 
new inventions and freak im- 
portations in the matter of clubs, 
the leading golf sticks are as 
follows: Irons, drivers, brassies, 
putties, niblicks, cleeks, putting 
cleeks, lofters, driving irons, 
mid irons and mashies. 

The following is a description 
of the clubs: 



136 THE GORHAM GOLF BOOK 

The Putter is used for play- 
ing all strokes on the putting- 
green. It has a short, stiff shaft, 
with the head nearly at right 
angles to shaft. 

The Cleek is the longest driv- 
er of all the iron clubs, with the 
face only slightly lofted. 

The Driving Iron is deeper in 
the blade than the cleek and has 
more loft; it is not as long a 
driver as the cleek, but will 
pitch the ball higher. 

The Mashie is a compromise 
between the lofting iron and 
the niblick. It is shorter in the 
head than the iron, but it has 
less loft than the niblick, and is 
used for short approaches. 

The Niblick is used for getting 
a ball out of hazards, cart ruts, 
and other impediments. It has 
a small, round head, very heavy 
and very much lofted. 

The Mid Iron is the same as 
the lofting iron, but the blade is 
not pitched so much. It will 
drive a long, high ball. 

The Driver or Play Club is the 
longest driving club there is, 
and is used to drive from the 



GOLF CLUBS 137 

tee or wherever the ball lies well 
and long distance is required. 

The Brassie, the same as 
driver, but with a brass plate on 
sole and generally a little more 
lofted; is used in playing 
"through the green." 

The Brassie Niblick is much 
smaller than the driver, with 
face well spooned back, and the 
sole shod with brass. It is used 
through the green with the ob- 
ject of raising the ball in the air 
when playing from "a cuppy lie." 

The Long, Short, and Mid 
Spoons have the same head as 
the brassie, but are very much 
spooned, have long, short, and 
medium shafts. They are al- 
most entirely superseded by the 
iron club. 

Of all these clubs, however, 
only four are really necessary. 
A driver, an approach iron, a 
cleek, and a putter will meet all 
requirements. A set of six 
clubs would furnish a complete 
outfit for an expert, and might 
consist of a driver, a brassie, a 
niblick, a cleek, a mashie, and a 
putter. 




EXCERPTS 

from the Constitution and By-Laws 
of the United States Golf 
Association 



The Association shall consist 
of associate and allied clubs. A 
club eligible as an associate club 
shall be any club, in any club, 
in any accessible part of the 
United States, where the links, 
accommodations, constitution and 
by-laws are such as to make it 
representative, such as Chicago, 
Newport, St. Andrews, Shinne- 
cock, and Brookline County 
Clubs. 

Any regularly organized club 
in the United States may be ad- 
mitted as an allied club. 

The dues for an associate club 
shall be $100 annually. 

The dues for an allied club 
shall be $10 annually. 



142 THE GORHAM GOLF BOOK 

Each associate club shall have 
the right to be represented bv 
two delegates. Each allied cluo 
shall have the right to be rep- 
resented by one delegate, but he 
shall have no power to vote. 

In the amateur > open and 
woman's championship golf com- 
petition the entrance fee shall be 
$5- 

The amateur open and wom- 
an's championship tournaments 
shall take place only on the 
links of an associate club. 

In the amateur competition 
the contestants shall first play 
thirty-six holes medal play. 

In the woman's competition 
the contestants shall first play 
eighteen holes medal play. 

Open championship prizes 
shall be as follows: $200 to the 
winner of the championship, of 
which $50 shall be expended on 
a gold medal, and $150 given in 
money to a professional, or in 
plate to an amateur, golfer. 

The winner of the competition 
shall be the champion amateur 



EXCERPTS 143 

golfer of the year, and the 
trophy shall be held for that 
year by the club from which the 
winner shall have entered. 

An amateur golfer shall be a 
golfer who has never received a 
money consideration for playing 
in a "match, or for giving les- 
sons, or in examples of his skill 
in the game of golf, nor laid out, 
nor taken charge of golf links 
for hire, who has never con- 
tended for a money prize in an 
open competition, who has never 
carried clubs for hire after at- 
taining the age of fifteen years, 
who has never personally made 
for sale golf-clubs, balls, or any 
other article connected with the 
game, and who, on and after 
January; 1, 1897, has never with- 
in the jurisdiction of this Asso- 
ciation played a match game 
against a professional for a 
money bet or stake, nor played 
in a club competition for a 
money prize or sweepstakes. 



GOLF ITEMS 

To repair loose whippings, use 
cobbler's wax. 

To keep golf clubs free from 
rust, rub them regularly with 
sweet oil. 

To keep clubs clean, use soap 
when they are very dirty and 
then rub thoroughly with sand- 
paper. 

The ball with which the game 
is played weighs from 26 to 28 
pennyweight. Ninety per cent 
of all balls used are 27 or 27 y 2 . 

Average drives made with the 
principal clubs are as follows: 

With the iron, 120 yards. 

With the cleek, 140 yards. 

With the brassie, 150 yards. 

With the driver, 170 yards. 



I46 THE GORHAM GOLF BOOK 

The proper place for a hazard 
is about 130 yards in front of 
the tee, and another, if the hole 
is not in driving distance, 35 
yards from the green. The for- 
mer is intended to trap a topped 
or badly hit drive, and the lat- 
ter to punish a slipshod approach. 

To remove worm-casts from 
the putting-green, let some gas 
lime soak well in some water. 
When the sediment falls to the 
bottom, water the greens with 
the solution. In a few minutes 
the worms will come to the sur- 
face and may be brushed away. 

The longest authenticated 
drive on record was made Jan- 
uary 11, 1893, when Mr. F. G. 
Tait, on the St. Andrews links, 
drove the ball 341 yards 9 inches. 
There was no wind to carry the 
ball, but the green was frost- 
bound, and the ball, after land- 
ing, rolled nearly 90 yards. 

A golf course should consist 
of eighteen holes, arranged at 
distances from each other of 
from 100 to 500 yards. If the 
amount of ground available for 



GOLF ITEMS 147 

a link is insufficient for eighteen 
holes, a lesser number, usually 
nine, may be laid out, and the 
game played in the same way, 
twice around the nine holes in- 
stead of once around the 
eighteen. 

The flight of a golf ball de- 
pends on its rotation, and this 
rotation is affected beneficially 
by the nicking of the ball. Even 
more important is the absolute 
fact that, were the ball smooth, 
that portion of the ball which 
received the impact of the club 
would not spring out again with 
the same elasticity as it does 
when striking against numerous 
ridges and knobs formed by 
nicking. 

The best plan to adopt in ar- 
ranging a handicap tournament 
is — first, to fix your scratch 
score, that is, the average score 
returned for each round by your 
admittedly best players. Then 
strike a fair average from the 
respective scores of the other 
players, and allow them strokes 
in proportion. Do not err on 



248 THE GORHAM GOLF BOOK 

the more common score of too 
liberal handicaps. A limit of 18 
strokes is ample, and if your 
scratch man improves, then make 
him owe from 4 to 6 strokes, but 
no more. If you do, you set a 
premium on mediocrity. 




THE GOLF BOOK 



I 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 




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